Free Yektan
Court appearance, Yerevan, Armenia, August 12, 2005. Photo by Photolur.
UPDATE, AUGUST 16, 2005: YEKTAN FREED!
Yektan Turkyilmaz was given a suspended sentence of two years in prison today and released from custody.
Apparently he must remain in Armenia for approximately two weeks, but will then be free to continue his graduate studies.
UPDATE, SEPTEMBER 3, 2005: YEKTAN BACK IN THE UNITED STATES
Yektan Turkyilmaz left Armenia on September 2, 2005, and returned to his studies at Duke University.
Yektan Turkyilmaz is an anthropologist from Duke University in Durham,
North Carolina (USA), who has been detained in Armenia since June 17,
2005. An international campaign is trying to encourage President Robert
Kocharian of Armenia to release him. If you would like to help, please
read the materials below and contact:
President Robert Kocharian
Republic of Armenia
Erevan, Armenia
E-mail: president@president.am
Phone: +374 (2) 520-656
Fax +374 (10) 521-581
Contents of this Website
Updated September 6, 2005
This page:
Open letters:
- Open Letter by the Middle East Studies Association to the Armenian Ambassador to the United States, June 23, 2005
- Open Letter by 257 Scholars to President Kocharian, July 29, 2005
- Scholars in Danger: Social Science Research Council (New York, USA), July 29, 2005
- Open Letter by the Society for Armenian Studies to President Kocharian, July 30, 2005
- Students in Solidarity With Yektan Turkyilmaz, August 1, 2005
- Open Letter by Former U.S. Senator Robert Dole to President Kocharian, August 2, 2005 (PDF file)
- Rapid Action Network Alert by International PEN (London, UK), August 4, 2005
- Alert by International Freedom of Expression Exchange (IFEX) (Toronto, Canada), August 5, 2005
- Alert by American Association for the Advancement of Science, Human Rights Action Network, August 5, 2005
- Letter of Gratitude by Former U.S. Senator Robert Dole to President Kocharian, August 17, 2005 (PDF file)
Selected press coverage (English):
- Radio Free Europe/Radio
Liberty, Armenia Report, "Turkish Scholar Uses Armenian Archives For
Ottoman History Research," May 11, 2005
- Associated Press, "Turkish Researcher Arrested in Armenia on Suspicion of Smuggling Antique Books," June 17, 2005
- Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Armenia Report, "Turkish Scholar Arrested In Armenia For 'Smuggling' Bid," June 20, 2005
- Turkish Daily News, "A Turkish Scholar Arrested in Armenia," by Elif Safak, July 31, 2005
- Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Armenia Report, "Arrested Turkish Scholar Denies Smuggling Charges," August 1, 2005
- The Economist (London, U.K.), "Turkish History and the Armenians: When History Hurts," August 4, 2005
- Radio
Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Armenia Report, "Mother Pleads For Turkish
Scholar's Release From Armenian Jail," August 8, 2005
- Radio
Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Armenia Report, "Trial Of Arrested Turkish Scholar Opens In Yerevan," August 9, 2005
- Inside Higher Ed, "Far Away Trial," August 11, 2005
- BBC, "The World," "Duke Student Detained in Armenia," August 11, 2005
- 168 Zham (Yerevan, Armenia), August 11, 2005, summarized by Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Armenia Report
- The Chronicle of Higher Education,
"Scholars Ask Armenia to Free Jailed Student," August 12, 2005
- Radio
Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Armenia Report, "Turkish Scholar Insists On His Innocence In Court," August 12, 2005
- Radio
Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Armenia Report, "Opposition Leader Shocked By Turkyilmaz Prosecution," August 12, 2005
- Oneworld Multimedia Blog, "Turkyilmaz Trial," August 15, 2005 (with photos from the same day's hearing)
- Chicago Tribune, "Turkish Scholar's Detention Contested," August 15, 2005
- Radio
Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Armenia Report, "U.S. University Renews Calls For Turkish Student’s Release," August 15, 2005
- Radio
Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Armenia Report, "Turkish Scholar Freed After Two-Month Arrest In Armenia," August 16, 2006
Selected press coverage (Turkish)
Selected press coverage (Armenian)
This site is maintained by Charles Kurzman,
a professor of sociology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill (USA) and a member of Yektan Turkyilmaz's dissertation committee.
For further information, please contact the Committee for Solidarity
with Yektan Turkyilmaz: Ayse Gul Altinay
<altinay@sabanciuniv.edu> or Ozlem Dalkiran
<ozlemdalkiran@superonline.com>.
Who Is Yektan Turkyilmaz: A Brief Biography
Yektan Turkyilmaz, 33, is a
Ph.D. candidate in Cultural Anthropology at Duke University, North
Carolina. His dissertation, which has won a number of
prestigious awards, is titled, "Imagining 'Turkey', Creating a Nation: The Politics of Geography and
State formation in Eastern
Anatolia, 1908-1938."
Turkyilmaz is one of the few
courageous scholars to undertake critical research on the violence of the early
20th century in the context of Anatolia. At the intersection of anthropology, geography and history and
grounded in multi-sited, multi-lingual archival and ethnographic research,
Turkyilmaz's dissertation is expected to be a major contribution to scholarship
on the region.
In his dissertation,
Turkyilmaz addresses the question 'How did Eastern Anatolia become "Turkish" over the last century?' He questions
the assumption that Turkey simply inherited the Ottoman Empire and instead studies Turkey as a contingent outcome of intricate developments
between 1908 and 1938, a period when the political, cultural and demographic
map of the region was continuously and radically undone and redone vis-à-vis
competing Turkish, Kurdish and Armenian nationalist projects.
Turkyilmaz is a speaker of
Turkish, Kurdish, English, and Armenian, and has reading knowledge of Ottoman
Turkish and French. He has carried out research in various repositories in Ankara, Istanbul,
Vienna, and Yerevan where he undertook four trips and spent a total of
6.5 months. In Yerevan, he conducted research at the Azkayin Krataran,
where he has gone through the catalogues of the library's general, cartographic
and rare collections. At the Akademiyayi Krataran he had access to
resources in the periodicals and special and rare collections sections. In his
last visit he was given permission to have access as the first Turkish scholar
to the Armenian National Archives.
Turkyilmaz is the recipient
of several prestigious awards including the John Hope Franklin Institute
Fellowship for 2005-2006; the International Dissertation Field Research Program
Award from the Social Science Research Council (SSRC) for 2003-2004; the Mellon
Dissertation Fieldwork Award from the Council of Library and Information
Resources (CLIR) for 2003-2004; the Dissertation Fieldwork Award from the
American Research Institute of Turkey (ARIT) for 2003-2004; as well as a Graduate Fellowship
from Duke University for 2000-2005.
Turkyilmaz's previous degrees
include a Master of Arts in Cultural Anthropology from Duke University, North
Carolina, a
Bachelor of Arts in Political Science and International Relations from Boğaziçi University, Istanbul;
he also studied in the Masters Program at the Atatürk Institute for Modern
Turkish History at Boğaziçi University, Istanbul.
Not only has Turkyilmaz
dedicated his academic research towards understanding and preserving the
multi-cultural heritage of Eastern
Anatolia, but he has also
dedicated his personal efforts towards this cause. Turkyilmaz has been actively trying to
preserve Armenian heritage in Istanbul, Yerevan,
and everywhere else he has been. He maintains one of the best collections of
Armenian books in Turkey, a sign of the importance he gives to Armenian cultural heritage.
Several researchers have already benefited from this collection for their own
research and Yektan has literally 'saved' many old books from being discarded
and forgotten.
Yektan Turkyilmaz is a very
gifted scholar with wide range of interests from history to the linguistics of
the peoples and regions he studies. He
has exerted great intellectual efforts as well as undertaking great personal
risk in engaging crucial academic debates long stifled as politically
taboo.
Prominent Academics on Yektan Turkyilmaz
"Mr. Turkyilmaz is a deeply
honest and morally courageous person. He would never knowingly break in any
law. To the contrary, he is known among his friends and colleagues for his
great generosity, sincerity, and concern for the welfare of others. He has many
friends in Armenia and among Armenian Americans in the United States, all of whom speak of him in warmest terms. I myself
consider it an honor to know him." Orin Starn, Sally Dalton Robinson Professor of Cultural Anthropology, Duke University
"Mr. Turkyilmaz is one of the
few scholars in the world who can work with historical material in the
Armenian, Kurdish and Turkish languages. His research will help to write a new
page in the history of the region, a new page that will recognize the history,
the struggles, and the suffering of all of the peoples of eastern Anatolia." Charles Kurzman, Associate Professor of Sociology, the University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill
"A brilliant researcher…the
best qualified researcher anywhere to conduct this research. I am certain that his future writings
will play a very important and positive role in the international scholarly
community in the years to come." Katherine Ewing, Associate Professor of Cultural Anthropology and Religion, Duke University
"I can attest that Turkyilmaz
is a superb and committed young scholar. Fluent in six languages, he worked
particularly hard to develop a program of multi-sited research that would be
rigorous, objective, and sensitive to historical and political issues." Deborah
A. Thomas, Assistant Professor of
Cultural Anthropology, Duke University
"I find Mr. Turkyilmaz to be
one of the most ethical, honest, hardworking, conscientious, and outstanding
students I have ever worked with. He is a scholar of the first-order with an
intellectual thirst and acuity that are superior.” Charlie Piot, Creed C. Black Associate Professor, Duke University
"Turkyilmaz is a person of
the highest integrity, who is a thoroughly law-abiding and decent member of the
community. I do not believe he would ever knowingly violate the law." Donald L.
Horowitz, James B. Duke Professor of Law
and Political Science, Duke University
"It is clear that Mr. Turkyilmaz is a scholar
who is committed to the very highest standards of professional objectivity and
conduct and to the search for truth untainted by any political bias and
interests." Srinivas Aravamudan, Director,
Franklin Humanities Institute, Duke University
"I have been repeatedly
impressed with the integrity, honesty, and sense of deep ethical commitment Mr.
Turkyilmaz exhibits in every facet of his intellectual being as a scholar. He
is deeply committed to the seeking the truth of historical situations without
the taint of political or personal bias." Anne Allison, Chair and Professor, Department of Cultural Anthropology, Duke University
Update on Yektan Turkyilmaz
Turkish Citizen Imprisoned in Armenia since June 17, 2005
(Updated as of July 27, 2005)
Yektan Turkyilmaz, a Ph.D. candidate in Cultural Anthropology
at Duke University,
was pulled out of the plane and detained at the Yerevan
Airport on June 17. Turkyilmaz was
leaving Yerevan after his fourth
research trip to Armenia
and was scheduled to do more research in Istanbul
and Paris before going back to Duke
University as a fellow of the John
Hope Franklin Institute for 2005-2006.
In May and June 2005, Yektan Turkyilmaz did research in the
Armenian National Archives and was the first Turkish citizen to have had access
to these archives. As he was boarding his plane, he carried with him his
research material digitally stored in CDs and about 100 books he had bought in
second hand bookstores and the open air market Vernissage in Yerevan.
Turkyilmaz had collected these books, which range from the 17th to
the 20th century, as a researcher and bibliophile who maintains one
of the best collections of Armenian books in Turkey.
Besides his own research, his collection has already benefited other
researchers and he has literally 'saved' many old books from being discarded
and forgotten. What Turkyilmaz did not know was that according to Armenian
customs regulations he had to 'declare' books older than 50 years at customs.
Since June 17, Yektan Turkyilmaz has been held in the
National Security Service (still referred to as the KGB) headquarters in Yerevan
under high security conditions. Since his arrest six weeks ago, he has had no
access to the outside world apart from his meetings with his lawyer and a brief
meeting last week with a colleague and friend (which took place in an
interrogation room at the KGB headquarters in the presence of a security agent,
and neither party was allowed to take notes). He cannot use the phone, write
letters, or receive letters.
The official request of Yektan Turkyilmaz's lawyer to have
Yektan released on bail until his trial date was rejected on July 19, despite
the fact that Turkyilmaz had official documents signed by a member of the
Armenian parliament and Richard Hovanissian (Professor of History at UCLA),
personally vouching that Yektan would remain in the country during this time
period.
On July 21, the prosecutor's indictment was submitted to the
court. The court will decide on a trial date in the next two weeks. [Update, August 9, 2005: The trial began on August 9, 2005.] Yektan Turkyilmaz
is being charged with Article 215, paragraph 2 of the Armenian Criminal Code,
which says:
"Contraband of narcotic drugs, neurological, strong,
poisonous, poisoning, radioactive or explosive materials, weapons, explosive
devices, ammunition, fire-arms, except smoothbore long barrel hunting guns,
nuclear, chemical, biological or other mass destruction weapons, or dual-use
materials, devices, or technologies which can also be used for the creation or
use of mass destruction weapons or missile delivery systems thereof, strategic
raw materials or cultural values for the
transportation of which special rules are established, is punished with
imprisonment for the term of 4 to 8 years, with or without property
confiscation." [Emphasis added] (http://www.legislationline.org/view.php?document=62156&ref=true)
Points of Concern:
- Yektan Turkyilmaz has unknowingly violated Armenian
customs law and is being treated in the same category as a nuclear weapons
smuggler. Instead of asking Turkyilmaz to pay a fine, with or without the
confiscation of the books, the Armenian authorities have kept Turkyilmaz in the
KGB headquarters for six weeks now, under high security conditions with almost
no access to the outside world, apart from his lawyer.
- Turkyilmaz had bought all his books legally from
second-hand bookstores in Armenia
(as the testimonies of the booksellers confirm) and did not suspect that he
would need permission to take these books out of Armenia
(neither did his Armenian friends, as quoted in the indictment). According to
the indictment, some of the booksellers claim that they had directly or
indirectly told Turkyilmaz about this necessity, but Turkyilmaz contests these
testimonies. Why would he not obtain the necessary permissions if he had known
about this law? Various other Armenian scholars and intellectuals we have
talked to said that they themselves were unaware of it.
- Lawyers suggest that this is the first time this
particular article in the Armenian Criminal Code has ever been applied to a
person carrying books.
- The KGB investigator himself has challenged certain
aspects of this law. He has filed a report saying that the law is problematic
in that it gives the sole responsibility to the 'buyer' of the books. He
suggests that in the future the sellers should ask the buyers to sign special
papers for books that qualify under this law. These papers should inform the
buyer of their legal responsibility. For instance, in the case of old carpets, sellers
get these permissions themselves or personally assist the buyers in getting the
necessary permissions.
- The current justification for Turkyilmaz's arrest (customs
violation of books) cannot account for the confiscation of not only the CDs
consisting of his research material in the archives, but also the second copies
of these CDs, which he had left with his Armenian friends. Why have these CDs,
which have nothing to do with the charges, been confiscated, along with the
second copies? Turkyilmaz himself suggested that the first week to ten days of
his interrogation was focused on his research, his political convictions, and
his connections, with every single page in his archival material being examined
by the KGB investigators.
- The political implications of this arrest cause grave
concern among Turkish, Armenian, and American scholars. Yektan Turkyilmaz is
one of a very few Turkish scholars who have critically tackled the events of
1915 and other instances of political violence in the first part of this
century. Being the only researcher who can understand Turkish, Ottoman Turkish,
Kurdish, and Armenian at the same time (besides English and French), his research
promises to add new dimensions to the study of a very troubled historical
period in Anatolia and the South Caucasus.
The fact that he was arrested soon after he gained access as the first Turkish scholar
to the Armenian National Archives adds to these concerns. The fragile space of
dialogue recently being opened up between Turkish and Armenian scholars is put
to the risk of being greatly damaged by Turkyilmaz's prolonged detention.